12 alms bowl

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alms bowl

The round bowl is one of the basic accessories of an ordained monk, along with the staff, an umbrella (glot), and three robes. The bowl is used to collect food donated by the laity each day. In Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Myanmar monks go forth each day, usually at dawn, to ask for food. The food is put into the bowl by the lay Buddhist, who prepares and offers it. The monk must accept all food offered, without asking or choosing. The monks then return to the monastery and eat the food in silence around 11 A.M. In general no more food is taken that day after noon. The alms bowl is a powerful symbol of Buddhist monastic life and principles. It represents the monk’s lifestyle and adherence to the VINAYA, the code of conduct. On an economic level it represents the Sangha’s dependence on society at large for its continuance. The bowl is often carried over the monk’s shoulder in a fabric sling. It is also often carried under the monk’s robes. （176字）

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钵盂
这个圆碗连同教具，雨伞和三件僧袍一起是一个和尚的基本物件。这个碗每天用来收集别人施舍的斋饭。在泰国缅甸等东南亚国家，僧侣们每天都要出门，通常是在黎明时出去化缘。而斋饭则是由佛教信徒准备和提供的。僧侣们必须接受所有施舍的斋饭，而不是去要求或者选择。然后僧侣们回到修道院，在上午十一点左右肃穆进食。一般来说中午之后就不会再吃东西了。济贫钵是佛教寺院生活和原则的象征，它代表了僧侣的生活方式和对戒律的遵守。这是一种行为准则。在经济层面上，它代表了僧侣对整个社会的依赖。因为它的延续，碗通常是用织物吊带吊在僧侣的肩膀上，也经常杯僧侣们放于僧袍下。

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alms bowl钵盂
The round bowl is one of the basic accessories of an ordained monk, along with the staff, an umbrella (glot), and three robes.
这个圆碗连同教具，雨伞和三件僧袍一起是一个和尚的基本物件。
Ordained monk：受戒比丘
Staff意为禅杖；或锡杖，为比丘行路时所应携带的道具，属比丘十八物之一。又称有声杖、声杖、禅杖、鸣杖、智杖、德杖、金锡、杖。佛陀规定：比丘到他人家乞食，不能默然，不能做怪声，不能打门，应该摇动锡杖，使其发声以示警觉。这是佛陀允许比丘制作锡杖的最初本意。比丘乞食时，只能用此杖击地出声，请人出来，故又名声杖。
Three robes: 一、僧伽梨，又译大衣或者重衣，也就是九条衣。二、郁多罗僧，又译上衣，也就是七条衣。三、安陀会，又译内衣，也就是五条衣。以上三者合称“三衣”，又称支伐罗或袈裟。
改为：这个圆钵连同声杖、雨伞和三件袈裟，是一个受戒比丘的基本物件。
The bowl is used to collect food donated by the laity each day.
这个碗每天用来收集别人施舍的斋饭。
Laity是指俗世信徒，可以译为信众。另外对僧众不宜用“施舍”而应用“供养”或“布施”一词。
建议：每天用此钵接受信众布施的斋饭。
In Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand and Myanmar monks go forth each day, usually at dawn, to ask for food.
在泰国缅甸等东南亚国家，僧侣们每天都要出门，通常是在黎明时出去化缘。（好）
The food is put into the bowl by the lay Buddhist, who prepares and offers it.
而斋饭则是由佛教信徒准备和提供的。
Offer可以译为“供养”。漏译put into the bowl
改为：斋饭由佛教俗世信徒准备和供养，放入钵盂。
The monk must accept all food offered, without asking or choosing.
僧侣们必须接受所有施舍的斋饭，而不是去要求或者选择。
建议：僧侣们必须接受所供养的一切食物，不能提要求，也不能挑拣。
The monks then return to the monastery and eat the food in silence around 11 A.M. In general no more food is taken that day after noon.
然后僧侣们回到修道院，在上午十一点左右肃穆进食。一般来说中午之后就不会再吃东西了。
建议：“修道院”是基督教用语，宜改为寺院或庙里
改为：之后僧侣们回到寺庙，约上午十一点左右安静进食。通常过午不食。
The alms bowl is a powerful symbol of Buddhist monastic life and principles. It represents the monk’s lifestyle and adherence to the VINAYA, the code of conduct.
济贫钵是佛教寺院生活和原则的象征，它代表了僧侣的生活方式和对戒律的遵守。这是一种行为准则。
Alms bowl译为“济贫钵”不妥
漏译了“powerful”，建议译为：“钵盂是佛教寺院生活和原则的重大象征。”
The code of conduct是the VINAYA的同位语，起解释作用。不宜另译为一句。
建议：钵盂代表了僧侣的生活方式以及对戒律（即行为准则）的遵守。
On an economic level it represents the Sangha’s dependence on society at large for its continuance. The bowl is often carried over the monk’s shoulder in a fabric sling. It is also often carried under the monk’s robes.
在经济层面上，它代表了僧侣对整个社会的依赖。因为它的延续，碗通常是用织物吊带吊在僧侣的肩膀上，也经常杯僧侣们放于僧袍下。
At large：considered altogether整体而言；总体上
for its continuance 不宜译为“因为它的延续”，因为这是depend on sb. for sth.的短语，“依靠某人获得某物”之意。
这篇文字主要关于钵盂的，虽然英文用的是bowl，但中文不宜译为“碗”
改为：在经济方面，钵盂代表佛教僧侣总体上是依靠社会而获得存续。此钵常由僧人斜背在肩头布袋里，也常放在袈裟下随身携带。