The Brahmana

与君同醉

Any of the four Vedas is properly divided into two parts, the mantra, or verse portion, and the Brahmana, or explicatory portion. Both of these parts of the text are considered revelation, or shruti. The Brahmanas reflect on both the mantra text and the ritual associated with it, giving very detailed, varied, and arcane explication of them. The Brahmanas abound in equations between ritual aspects, the ritual performers, and cosmic, terrestrial, and divine realities. Early Western scholars tended to discount these texts, as being nothing but priestly mumbojumbo. But most recent work recognizes the central importance of the Brahmanas to the development of Indian thought and philosophy.

The name Brahmana derives from a central word in the tradition, brahman. Brahman is generically the term for “prayer” but technically refers to the power or magic of the Vedic mantras. (It also was used to designate the one who prays, hence the term Brahmin.) Brahman is from the root brih, “to expand or grow,” and refers to the expansion of the power of the prayer itself as the ritual proceeds; this power is understood as something to be “stirred up” by the prayer. In later philosophy, the term brahman refers to the transcendent, allencompassing reality.

Within the Brahmanas two subdivisions are important in the development of later tradition. One of the subdivisions is called the Aranyaka. From its name one can understand that this portion of the text pertained to activity in the forest (aranya). These specially designated portions of the Brahmanas contain evidence that some Vedic yajna, or ritual, was now performed internally, as an esoteric practice. This appears to be a special practice done by adepts, who would essentially perform the ritual mentally, as though it were being done in their own body and being.

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布拉马纳

四个 Vedas 中的任何一个被适当地分为两个部分，咒语或诗句部分，以及婆罗门娜，或解释部分。文本的这两个部分都被视为启示，或什鲁蒂。婆罗门人反思咒语文本和与之相关的仪式，对它们进行了非常详细、多样和神秘的解释。婆罗门人有很多仪式方面、仪式表演者和宇宙、陆地和神圣现实之间的方程式。早期的西方学者倾向于对这些文本不屑一物，认为这些文本只不过是祭司的木乃伊。但最近的工作认识到婆罗门对印度思想和哲学发展的核心重要性。

婆罗门这个名字源自传统中的核心词婆罗门。婆罗门一般是"祈祷者"一词，但从技术上讲，它指的是吠陀咒语的力量或魔法。（它也被用来指定祈祷的人，因此术语婆罗门。婆罗门是从根的"扩大或成长"，并指祈祷本身的力量随着仪式的进行而扩展;这种力量被理解为被祈祷"搅乱"的东西。在后来的哲学中，婆罗门一词指的是超然的、包罗万象的现实。

在婆罗门纳斯，两个分区在后来传统的发展中非常重要。其中一个分区称为阿兰拉卡。从它的名字中，人们可以理解，这部分文本与森林（aranya）中的活动有关。布拉马纳斯的这些特别指定的部分包含证据，一些吠陀雅那，或仪式，现在在内部进行，作为一种深奥的做法。这似乎是一个特殊的做法，由熟练，谁基本上执行仪式的精神，仿佛它是在自己的身体和存在。

与君同醉

4 The Brahmana
布拉马纳
应为：The Brahmanas 梵书
（应查阅关于吠陀经的资料，来确定这个关键词的意义）

Any of the four Vedas is properly divided into two parts, the mantra, or verse portion, and the Brahmana, or explicatory portion.
四个 Vedas 中的任何一个被适当地分为两个部分，咒语或诗句部分，以及婆罗门娜，或解释部分。
建议改为：四部吠陀经典皆可分为两部分：咒语或韵文部分；梵书或解释部分。


Both of these parts of the text are considered revelation, or shruti.
文本的这两个部分都被视为启示，或什鲁蒂。
改为：经典的这两部分都被认为是神之启示，或什鲁蒂。

The Brahmanas reflect on both the mantra text and the ritual associated with it, giving very detailed, varied, and arcane explication of them. 婆罗门人反思（改为：梵书详细解说了）咒语文本和与之相关的（加：祭祀）仪式，对它们进行了非常详细、多样和神秘的解释。

The Brahmanas abound in equations between ritual aspects, the ritual performers, and cosmic, terrestrial, and divine realities.
婆罗门人有很多仪式方面、仪式表演者和宇宙、陆地和神圣现实之间的方程式。
建议改为：梵书里许多地方都把祭祀仪式、祭祀主持者们，等同于天、地、神的实相代表。

Early Western scholars tended to discount these texts, as being nothing but priestly mumbojumbo.
早期的西方学者倾向于对这些文本不屑一物，认为这些文本只不过是祭司的木乃伊。
建议改为：早期的西方学者对这些经典不屑一顾，认为它们不过是祭司的废话。

But most recent work recognizes the central importance of the Brahmanas to the development of Indian thought and philosophy.但最近的工作认识到婆罗门（应为：梵书）对印度思想和哲学发展的核心重要性。

The name Brahmana derives from a central word in the tradition, brahman.
婆罗门这个名字源自传统中的核心词婆罗门。
应为：梵书这个名字，源自印度教中的一个核心词：梵天。

Brahman is generically the term for “prayer” but technically refers to the power or magic of the Vedic mantras. (It also was used to designate the one who prays, hence the term Brahmin.)
婆罗门一般是"祈祷者"一词，但从技术上讲，它指的是吠陀咒语的力量或魔法。（它也被用来指定祈祷的人，因此术语婆罗门。
应为：梵天这个词从类别上来说是指“祈祷者”；从技术上来说，是指吠陀咒语的力量或魔力。
Designate: 命名，指明
The one who prays这里建议译为“祭祀的人”，而不是祈祷的人，因为在印度教是祭祀的仪式来祈请天地众神，而非基督教的祈祷
（建议改为：梵天也被用来指明祭祀的人，因此而产生了婆罗门这一词语。）

Brahman is from the root brih, “to expand or grow,” and refers to the expansion of the power of the prayer itself as the ritual proceeds; this power is understood as something to be “stirred up” by the prayer. 婆罗门是从根的"扩大或成长"，并指祈祷本身的力量随着仪式的进行而扩展;这种力量被理解为被祈祷"搅乱"的东西。
From the root brih：是指词根为brih
建议改为：梵天的词根是brih，意为“扩大或生长”，所以梵天一词意指祭司自身力量随祭祀仪式的进行而增长；这种力量被认为是由祭司激起的。


In later philosophy, the term brahman refers to the transcendent, allencompassing reality.
在后来的哲学中，婆罗门一词指的是超然的、包罗万象的现实。
Brahman：梵天
Reality: 实相

Within the Brahmanas two subdivisions are important in the development of later tradition. One of the subdivisions is called the Aranyaka.
在婆罗门纳斯，两个分区在后来传统的发展中非常重要。其中一个分区称为阿兰拉卡。
the Aranyaka：森林书
应为：梵书中包含的两个部分，都对印度教后来的发展起了非常重要的作用。其中之一被称为《森林书》。


From its name one can understand that this portion of the text pertained to activity in the forest (aranya). 从它的名字中，人们可以理解，这部分文本与森林（aranya）中的活动有关。

These specially designated portions of the Brahmanas contain evidence that some Vedic yajna, or ritual, was now performed internally, as an esoteric practice. 布拉马纳斯的这些特别指定的部分包含证据，一些吠陀雅那，或仪式，现在在内部进行，作为一种深奥的做法。
建议：同一个词，在同一篇章中，应该是译为同一个词的，除非注明有不同的意义。所以不宜译为多个名词如“布拉马纳斯”，“婆罗门”，“婆罗门娜”，读者会被绕晕的。为避免读者被绕晕，首先译者就应详细查阅资料，确定它准确的意义，再进行翻译。
还要注意was是指过去时。而全文用的是现在时。翻译的时候要注意体现。
These specially designated portions要理解清楚是指上文提到的森林书。
建议改为：梵书里这些特别命名为森林书的文中揭示，一些吠陀雅阁那或祭祀，当时都是内在而深奥难懂的修行。

This appears to be a special practice done by adepts, who would essentially perform the ritual mentally, as though it were being done in their own body and being.
这似乎是一个特殊的做法，由熟练，谁基本上执行仪式的精神，仿佛它是在自己的身体和存在。
建议改为：看上去这是修为高深者的一种特殊修行方法，本质上而言他们在心灵中实行祭祀，仿佛以自己的身体与存在为祭坛。