21. Borobudur婆罗浮屠

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The Borobudur Temple Compounds is one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world.The monument is located in the Kedu Valley, in the southern part of Central Java, at the center of the island of Java,Indonesia.
The main temple is a stupa built in three tiers around a hill which were a natural center: a pyramidal base with five concentric square terraces, the trunk of a cone with three circular platforms and, at the top, a monumental stupa.
The vertical division of Borobudur Temple into base, body, and superstructure perfectly accords with the conception of the Universe in Buddhist cosmology. It is believed that the universe is divided into three superimposing spheres, kamadhatu, rupadhatu, and arupadhatu, representing respectively the sphere of desires where we are bound to our desires, the sphere of forms where we abandon our desires but are still bound to name and form, and the sphere of formlessness where there is no longer either name or form.
Climbing Borobudur is a pilgrimage in itself, meant to be experienced physically and spiritually according to the tenets of Mahayana Buddhism. As the faithful climb upward from level to level, they are guided by the stories and wisdom of the bas-reliefs from one symbolic plane of consciousness to the next, higher level on the journey to enlightenment.

https://www.britannica.com/art/S ... orobudur#ref1283384

https://www.nationalgeographic.c ... e/borobudur-temple#

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Borobudur

Gesuncy

婆罗浮屠寺院是世界上最伟大的佛教古迹之一，纪念碑位于中爪哇南部的Kedu山谷，印度尼西亚爪哇岛的中心。
主庙是一座佛塔，围绕一座小山分为三层，这是一个自然中心：一个金字塔形的底座，有五个同心方形露台，一个圆锥体的树干有三个圆形平台，顶部是一个巨大的佛塔。
婆罗浮屠寺的垂直划分为基体、主体和上层建筑，完全符合佛教宇宙学中的宇宙概念。人们相信宇宙分为三个叠加的球体，分别代表我们被欲望束缚的欲望领域，我们放弃欲望但仍被名称和形式束缚的形式领域，以及不再有名称或形式的无形领域。整个结构展示了祖先崇拜的核心思想的独特融合，与梯田山的概念有关，并结合了佛教的涅槃概念。
攀登婆罗浮屠本身就是一次朝圣，意味着根据大乘佛教的教义在身体和精神上体验。当信徒们从一个层次爬到另一个层次时，他们受到浅浮雕的故事和智慧的引导，从一个象征性的意识层面到下一个更高的层次，在启蒙的旅程中。

Gesuncy

The monument was designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1991.

Narrator

The interpretation of the Borobudur is really interesting，The earliest history of the Borobudur can be traced back to the 9th century. It was buried in volcanic ash for hundreds of years and was built by the rulers of the dynasty at that time. Now, if you can enjoy the beautiful sunrise at the site of the Borobudur at dawn, it is said that it is the purest experience and the best blessing.

九四九

Borobudur is the largest single stupa in the world made of more than 1.6 million stones on a low hill. The stupa is in the shape of a stepped pyramid, divided into nine levels, the bottom six are square steps, and the outer cloister of each floor is carved with reliefs, with a total length of 2.5 kilometers, making Borobudur the same name as the pyramids, the Great Wall and Angkor Wat as the four ruins of the ancient East.All of them are treasures in the world。Borobudur is the symbol of Indonesian people‘s labor.