Upanishads印度最经典的古老哲学著《奥义书》

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1.Basic information
The Upanishad is an ancient Indian philosophical text, the last part of the Vedas, of which there are more than 200 .The Upanishads are the philosophical-religious texts of Hinduism (also known as Sanatan Dharma meaning “Eternal Order” or “Eternal Path”) which develop and explain the fundamental tenets of the religion. The name is translated as to “sit down closely” as one would to listen attentively to instruction by a teacher or other authority figure. At the same time, Upanishad has also been interpreted to mean “secret teaching” or “revealing underlying truth”.
2. Content

The Book of Righteousness believes that although everything in the universe is different, it is as a whole.But it has a unique essence. Ignorant people can't see the truth clearly.The truth, the pursuit of material enjoyment, and the whole life. Book of RighteousnessIt is clearly pointed out that spiritual cultivation is the way to liberation.
Upanishads, as the name implies, are ancient books with profound meaning, which are the Indian holy books for thousands of years. It is not only the esoteric teachings of the ancient Indian sages to their disciples, but also the source of Indians' thinking about themselves and the universe. India's religious philosophy mostly developed from Upanishads, which have exerted a great influence on Indian culture and Western culture for thousands of years, and thus are known as the Analects of Confucius in India and Meditations in the East. It's one of the classic Brahmin books.

3.Significance

The word Upanishads comes from Sanskrit and means "to teach," which means to gather the students together to sit around the teacher and listen to his teachings.
The Upanishads are a quintessential part of the Indian Vedic Canon, commonly known as Vedic philosophy, produced in the sixth and seventh centuries BC. The Upanishads are not religious classics. They have no dogma or catechism. It does not belong to any religion but to the enduring philosophy of one for all.
Reference:www.bing.com

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Excerpts from the Book of Righteousness:
1) 'As a bird when tied by a string flies first in every direction, and finding no rest anywhere, settles down at last on the very place where it is fastened, exactly in the same manner, my son, that mind, after flying in every direction, and finding- no rest anywhere, settles down on breath; for indeed, my son, mind is fastened to
breath.
2) 'These rivers, my son, run, the eastern (like the Ganga) toward the east, the western (like the Sindhu) toward the west. They go from sea to sea (i.e. the clouds lift up the water from the sea to the sky, and send it back as rain to the sea). They become indeed sea. And as those rivers, when they are in the sea, do not know, I am this or that river.

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the Upanishads for each of these address the themes and concepts expressed. The 13 Upanishads are:
Brhadaranyaka Upanishad
Chandogya Upanishad
Taittiriya Upanishad
Aitareya Upanishad
Kausitaki Upanishad
Kena Upanishad
Katha Upanishad
Isha Upanishad
Svetasvatara Upanishad
Mundaka Upanishad
Prashna Upanishad
Maitri Upanishad
Mandukya Upanishad

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