每周阅读第一周

张宸悦

引自：http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/2 ... 1024ad0baacfd7.html
                                      Biden says US cannot tackle problems alone
  The White House released its interim national security strategy guidance on Wednesday, vowing to build back better at home and re-embrace international cooperation while stressing that "strategic competition" with China should not preclude collaboration.

  In the 24-page document, US President Joe Biden said many of the "biggest threats" the country faces respect no borders or walls and must be met with collective action.

  Posing profound dangers are pandemics and other biological risks, the climate crisis, cyber and digital threats, international economic disruptions, humanitarian crises, violent extremism and terrorism, and the proliferation of nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction.

  "None can be effectively addressed by one nation acting alone. And none can be effectively addressed with the United States on the sidelines," Biden wrote in the guidance.

  The document outlines a spectrum of challenges the Biden administration hopes to tackle, including the pandemic, "a crushing economic downturn, a crisis of racial justice and deepening climate emergency".

   "interim" strategy is expected to be followed by Biden's inaugural National Security Strategy, which will be released later this year, said Jen Psaki, his press secretary.

  Biden signals another reversal from predecessor Donald Trump's "America first" strategy by recommitting to alliances and partnerships, but he seems to have kept an assessment from Trump's National Security Strategy that "economic security is national security".

  He said the US will "again embrace international cooperation", including joining with the international community to tackle the climate crisis and other shared challenges and resuming US leadership in multilateral organizations.

  Biden also stressed that US strength abroad derives from building back better at home, which should start by "decisively responding to the public health and economic crises unleashed by COVID-19".

  The document singled out China and Russia as main threats and vowed to build up "enduring advantages" and present an agenda seeking to outcompete China and any other nation.

  Despite the concern of the US side, Beijing has made it clear that it does not want to replace US dominance in the world.

  "The bilateral relationship is no zero-sum game; the success of one does not have to entail the other's failure," State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi said on Feb 22 at a virtual forum held at the ministry.

  Chinese Ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai also said at the event, "China has had no intention whatsoever to challenge or displace any country, let alone make it its strategic goal."

  At the same time, the interim strategy appeared to toe the line of Biden's consistent, pragmatic China policy since taking office: Keep engaging China if it is in the interests of the US.

  "We also recognize that strategic competition does not, and should not, preclude working with China when it is in our national interest to do so," the document says, adding that renewing US advantages ensures engagement with China "from a position of confidence and strength".

  It said Washington will conduct practical, results-oriented diplomacy with Beijing and work to reduce the risk of misperception and miscalculation.

  That seems to be a nod to the first phone conversation, in early February, between Biden and President Xi Jinping, in which Xi said the two sides should reestablish the various dialogue mechanisms, read each other's policy intentions accurately and avoid misunderstanding and miscalculation.

  "We will welcome the Chinese government's cooperation on issues such as climate change, global health security, arms control and nonproliferation where our national fates are intertwined," the document says.

翻译：
    白宫周三发布了临时国家安全战略指导意见，誓言将在国内建设得更好。文件称将重新接受国际合作，同时强调与中国的“战略竞争”不应排除合作。
    在这份长达24页的文件中，美国总统拜登说，美国面临的许多“最大威胁”不分国界、不分地区，必须采取集体行动。
    目前流行病和其他生物风险、气候危机、网络和数字威胁、国际经济混乱、人道主义危机、暴力极端主义和恐怖主义以及核武器和其他大规模毁灭性武器的扩散在世界范围内对全人类构成了严重的危险。
    “一个国家单独行动无法有效解决任何问题。拜登在指南中写道：“在美国袖手旁观的情况下，任何问题都无法得到有效解决。”。
    这份文件概述了拜登政府希望应对的一系列挑战，其中包括“严重的经济衰退、种族正义危机和日益严重的气候紧急状况”。
    拜登的新闻秘书珍普萨基（jenpsaki）说，“临时”战略之后，预计拜登就职后的国家安全战略将于今年晚些时候公布。
    拜登再次承诺结盟和伙伴关系，标志着与前任唐纳德·特朗普“美国优先”战略的又一次逆转，但他似乎保留了特朗普国家安全战略中“经济安全就是国家安全”的评估。
    他说，美国将“再次接受国际合作”，包括与国际社会一道应对气候危机和其他共同挑战，恢复美国在多边组织中的领导地位。
    拜登还强调，美国在海外的力量来自于更好地在国内重建，这应该从“果断应对COVID-19引发的公共卫生和经济危机”开始。
    这份文件将中国和俄罗斯列为主要威胁，并誓言要建立“持久优势”，并提出一项旨在超越中国和任何其他国家的议程。
    尽管美方对此表示担忧，但北京方面已明确表示，不想取代美国在世界上的主导地位。
    2月22日，国务委员兼外交部长王毅在外交部举行的一个虚拟论坛上说：“双边关系不是零和游戏；一方的成功不一定意味着另一方的失败。”。
    中国驻美大使崔天凯也在活动中表示，“中国没有任何意图挑战或取代任何国家，更没有把它作为自己的战略目标。”
    与此同时，这一临时战略似乎遵循了拜登上任以来一贯、务实的对华政策：如果符合美国利益，就继续与中国接触。
    “我们也认识到，在符合我们国家利益的情况下，战略竞争并不也不应妨碍与中国合作，”该文件说，并补充说，更新美国的优势可以确保“从信心和实力的立场”与中国接触。
    它说，华盛顿将与北京进行务实、注重成果的外交，并努力减少误解和误判的风险。
    这似乎是对二月初拜登和习近平主席之间第一次电话交谈的点头，席说双方应重新建立各种对话机制，准确地阅读对方的政策意图，避免误解和误判。
    文件说：“我们欢迎中国政府在气候变化、全球卫生安全、军备控制和防扩散等问题上的合作，这些问题是我们国家命运交织在一起的。”。