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A Simple Way To Turn 2D Drawings Into 3D Objects
2021-03-30

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in South Korea has developed a simple method for converting 2D drawings to 3D objects.  
Over the past several decades, 3D printing has become a popular way to create three-dimensional objects in a relatively simple manner. Such printing allows for on-demand supply of simple products. In this new effort, the researchers have developed another way to create 3D objects without the need for a printer.  
在3d打印技术飞速发展的如今，韩国的一个团队发展了一项不需要打印机的新技术。
The technique involves hand-drawing (or conventionally printing) a 2D image on an object using a special pen with special ink and then submerging the object in a tub of water. When the object is pulled from the water, the ink has been partly removed from the object and has formed into a 3D representation of the original image.
The ink used by the team consists of two inks. One is a surfactant compound, which is not adhesive. The other is not a surfactant, and adheres very well to a material. The pen has buttons to control which ink is expelled when drawing.  
这项技术使用特殊的笔和墨水，当物体被从水中取出时，墨水从它身上褪去随之呈现一个3d的造型。这种墨水由两种墨水构成，一种具有粘合性而另一种加了表面活性剂，笔上的按钮可以控制两种墨水的量。
To illustrate how the idea works, the researchers drew red petals on a rock and then tied them together with a black anchor in the center between them. The red surfactant became disassociated from the rock when placed in water, while the black ink kept the flower rooted to its base. The result was a black core stuck to the rock with 3D petals extending into the air.  
研究员通过花红色的花瓣附着在黑色的岩石上来展示这个技术是如何运作的，结果是花瓣从岩石上绽放开，但是它的根还连在岩石上。
Once the researchers tested their basic idea, they realized the resulting 3D shapes would not hold up when the object was removed from the water. To overcome this problem, they added iron microparticles to both inks and potassium persulfate to the water solution. When the object was dipped into the water, the reaction strengthened the 3D object.  
研究员发现等当3d模型与水分离时它就无法维持造型，于是通过往墨水里加了铁元素以及往水里加了钾元素改进了这个技术。
The researchers claim their technique could be modified to allow for use in manufacturing applications. They note that products could be 2D printed and shipped to clients or customers, where they would take form when dunked in the proper solution.
研究员说这个技术可以被改进用来批量生产，可以先给顾客一个2d模型，然后把模型放到合适的溶液里以成型。