part 4 saying the same thing twice

油炸绿番茄

Summary of the Content:
Chapter 4 focuses on the problem of saying the same thing twice. The author cites experts like Wilson Follett and Robert Graves, emphasizing that repetition of the same meaning should be avoided unless for rhetorical emphasis or necessary recapitulation. Chinese learners’ drafts often misuse repetition, requiring deletion or structural adjustments. Three types of redundancy are discussed:
1.Simple Restatement: Using different words to repeat the same idea (e.g., “on time and punctual”).
2.Self-Evident Statements: One part of a sentence implicitly contains the other (e.g., “arrive on time to catch the train”)
3.Mirror-image Statements: Repeating an idea through both positive and negative angles (e.g., “maintain vigilance and never be off guard”).
Solutions include deleting redundancy, replacing phrases with concise alternatives, or rephrasing to highlight deeper meanings. Pinkham argues that redundancy, though grammatically acceptable, undermines professionalism and reader engagement.
Evaluation：
This section offers practical insights, especially for non-native English writers. Pinkham’s categorization and examples clearly illustrate common forms of redundancy, while actionable solutions (e.g., deleting redundant phrases) enhance readability. The concept of “mirror statements” effectively highlights the gap between Chinese thinking and English expression. However, some arguments are overly rigid, such as labeling repetition as “feeble-mindedness,” which risks dismissing its rhetorical value in contexts like poetry or speeches. Additionally, the focus on formal texts (e.g., government documents) limits applicability to creative writing.
Reflection:
This chapter prompts reflection on redundancy in Chinese writing and translation. For instance, Chinese often uses idioms or parallel structures for emphasis, which may become verbose when directly translated (e.g., “strengthen construction to enhance capabilities”). Socially, in an era of information overload, concise communication is crucial, as redundancy distracts and reduces efficiency. As a learner, I need to consciously review drafts for repetition and develop the ability to convey ideas precisely with varied vocabulary. However, rules should be applied flexibly—prioritizing clarity without sacrificing necessary cultural or contextual nuances.